An undescended testicle is a condition when the testicles have not descended from the abdomen into the scrotum by six months of age. A condition in which one or both testicles fail to move down from the waist, where they developed before birth, into the scrotum (outside of the body). Undescended testicles may increase the risk for the development of testicular cancer. It results in low sperm counts, poor quality sperm and a decreased fertility rate among men who've had an undescended testicle. This can also be due to abnormal development of the testicle and might get worst if the condition goes untreated for an extended period of time.

So, the Undescended testicle surgery is a procedure in which the testicle hasn't moved into its proper position in the skin bag before birth. So, the undescended testicles surgery can perform by the best paediatric surgeon in Pakistan at ALSA Pakistan. 

Causes of undescended testicles

The exact cause of this condition still in process to comprehence. Many factors like genetics, maternal health and other environmental fluctuations could disturb the frequency and level of the hormones; physical changes and nerve activity can also affect the development of the testicles.

Risk factors

Few prominent risk factors can look for causing this condition. They include Low birth weight, premature birth, Family history or other problems of genital development, pathological conditions of the fetus that can restrict growth, such as Down syndrome or an abdominal wall defect, Frequent use of alcohol by the mother during pregnancy, Cigarette smoking by the mother or exposure to secondhand smoking, Parents' exposure to some specific pesticides.

Major Complications with undescended testicles

There are seen many complications in patients with undescended testicles, and this can be fixed with undescended testicle surgery. The most common complication of them is torsion. Torsion is a condition when the testicle twists and cuts off its own blood supply; this condition can even lead to the death of the person. Testicular cancer or infertility will show in men with undescended testicles. Trauma and inguinal hernia can also showing as essential complications.

Incidence in world

The undescended testicles are the most common congenital defect of the male infant. It happens in 1 out of every 250 male births. The reasons for this condition remain unknown, but it appears that both genetic and environmental factors are equally found involved. The incidence is four times higher in black males than white males, with a rate of 1 per cent live births.

Diagnosis of this condition

First of all, the doctor physically examines the body of the baby for undescended testicles. It is consider to check if the testicles are near the scrotum (palpable) or far from the scrotum (non-palpable). It's okay they appears there, but other investigations like scans can apply. If they not appears on this, keyhole surgery performs to see where the testicles are actually lying.

Description of Surgery 

A surgery that is performed to bring down undescended testicles is called undescended testicle surgery. An orchiopexy can go through open surgery, in which a small incision perform in the lower abdomen. Another famous and latest method that doctors prefer is laparoscopy, in which a camera and some other special instruments insert into the abdomen through tiny holes instead of an open surgery incision. Before performing any surgery, some investigations like ultrasound are done to make sure the location of the testicles. In Pakistan, many excellent surgeons are performing this surgery; Dr Mohsin is one of the best paediatric surgeons in Pakistan, doing his best from the platform of ALSA.

Process of treatment as an outpatient 

Surgery for undescended testicles is done to treat this condition. A baby is usually operate on when he is 6-12 months old to get the most benefit. Early treatment lowers the chances of problems of fertility later in life. The process of surgery includes different steps. First of all, the baby feels a local to emit the pain of the process entirely. Then a tiny incision can appear in the lower body to see where the testicles are actually. They will move down smoothly, and then a cut carry off in the scrotum and testicles stitch into their proper position. In the end, all the openings seals with stitching. For this surgery, we need not admit the patient to the hospital. As an outpatient, He will go through with all process which proceeds soon, even in some cases child gores home on the same day if his nerves are responsive.

Recovery after surgery

After surgery, the child may feel tired and restless. Your child needs to recover in a crib or bed for a few days. Let your child returns to normal activities when your child seems ready or when your doctor says it is okay for him now. This is usually happening for 2 or 3 days.

Results of surgery

The most common surgical procedure for correcting a single descending testicle is by open abdomen method, which has a success rate of nearly 100 per cent. The fertility rate of men after the surgery with a single testicle is almost expected, but it usually falls to 65 per cent in men with both undescended testicles. Surgery also reduces the risk of testicular cancer but cannot eliminate it.

Risks of surgery 

Like every other surgery, this surgery also has some potential risks. Bleeding, swelling or bruising can see on the site of the incision. Wound infection can occur. Descended testicles can move up into the groin again. Blood supply can become insufficient to nourish the testicles in their new place. The tube that connects testicles to the urethra may be damage. Mostly all complications are minor except the loss of testicles.